இந்திய வெளியுறவுக் கொள்கையின் அடிப்படைக் கோட்பாடுகள் யாவை? அணிசேரா இயக்கத்தில் ஆப்பிரிக்க ஆசிய நாடுகளை இணைத்ததில் பிரதமர் நேரு அவர்களின் பங்கினை விளக்குக. / What were the basic principles of India’s foreign policy? What role did Prime minister Nehru in organizing the Afro-Asian countries into a non-aligned movement?
மார்ச் 1947இல்டெல்லியில்நேருஏற்பாடுசெய்தஆசியஉறவுக்கானமாநாட்டில் 20க்கும்மேற்பட்டநாடுகள்கலந்துகொண்டன. ஆசியநாடுகளின்விடுதலைமற்றும்உலகில்ஆசியாவின்நிலையைஉறுதிசெய்தல்என்பதேமாநாட்டின்மையக்கருத்தாகும்.
The founding principles of independent India’s foreign policy were, in fact, formulated at least three decades before independence.
It evolved in the course of the freedom struggle and was rooted in its conviction against any form of colonialism. Jawaharlal Nehru was its prime architect.
India’s foreign policy principles
Anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism, anti-apartheid or anti-racism,non-alignment with the superpowers, Afro- Asian Unity, non-aggression, non-interference in other’s internal affairs, mutual respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and the promotion of world peace and security.
The commitment to peace between nations was not placed in a vacuum; it was placed with an equally emphatic commitment to justice.
The context in which India’s foreign policy was formulated was further complicated by the two contesting power blocs that dominated the world in the post-war scenario: the US and the USSR. Independent India responded to this with non-alignment as its foreign policy doctrine.
In 1954, India and China signed a treaty in which India recognized China’s rights over Tibet and the two countries placed their relationship within a set of principles, widely known since then as the principles of Panch Sheel.
Panch Sheel (five virtues)
Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
Mutual non-aggression
Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
Equality and cooperation for mutual benefit
Peaceful co-existence
Non-alignment
India’s contribution to the world, however, was not restricted to its relationship with China and the Panch Sheel.
It was most pronounced and lasting in the form of non-alignment and its concretisation at the Bandung Conference.
Bandung Conference
In March 1947, Nehru organised the Asian Relations Conference, attended by more than twenty countries.
The theme of the conference was Asian independence and assertion on the world stage.
Another such conference was held in December 1948 in specific response to the Dutch attempt to re-colonize Indonesia.
The de-colonization initiative was carried forward further at the Asian leaders’ conference in Colombo in 1954, culminating in the Afro- Asian Conference in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955.
The Bandung Conference set the stage for the meeting of nations at Belgrade and the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement.
